{"id":7636,"date":"2022-03-02T10:54:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T07:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/fa\/?post_type=product&p=7636"},"modified":"2024-09-01T09:39:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T06:09:08","slug":"abnipple180","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/","title":{"rendered":"Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The nipple needle is undoubtedly the most important part of the nipple drinker, which the chick drinks by pecking it. These needles are selected according to the degree of hydration, the determining factor of which is the degree of the nipple.<\/p>\n

360\u2e30<\/sup> nipple needles are normally used for broilers. These needles ensure that water is available to the chicken with the slightest movement from any direction. For laying hens, we use 180\u2e30<\/sup> nipple needles.<\/p>\n

Also, these needles are used to raise partridges, quails and pheasants. These nipples have a movable pin with the ability to move up and down. The material of nipple needles can be steel or a combination of steel and plastic (semi-steel nipple needle). Full steel needles have a longer life and durability, but in contrast, semi-steel nipple needles are more attractive to chickens due to the color of the body. In terms of the structure of the needles, they are divided into two types, threaded and threaded, which will have their own accessories according to the tube.<\/p>\n

The drinking structure of the nipple is also made of other parts, which we will briefly mention.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Tank<\/li>\n
  2. Nipple Drinking Tube<\/li>\n
  3. Supporter or Restraint Tube<\/li>\n
  4. Nipple Cup<\/li>\n
  5. Pressure Breaker<\/li>\n
  6. Drinking Winch<\/li>\n
  7. Outlet Valve at the End of the Line<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The following are the advantages of using nipple drinking lines<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Can be used from the first day to the end of the course<\/li>\n
    • Herd uniformity during breeding<\/li>\n
    • Easy access to water for chickens<\/li>\n
    • Access to clean water<\/li>\n
    • Higher health of the herd due to the lack of wetness of the litter<\/li>\n
    • Lack of involvement of the herd with diseases that are related to the wetness of the litter<\/li>\n
    • No wastage of water and medicine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      KarnoTech Poultry Equipment Company hopes that dear breeders will be successful in reaching their goals and will benefit from their opinions, suggestions and criticisms in order to improve this product and other products of this company.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Attributes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Made in Turkey<\/li>\n
      • 180\u2e30<\/sup><\/li>\n
      • Half steel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[2272],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7636","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-drinking-system","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 - \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"karnotech poultry equipment company\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-01T06:09:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/\",\"name\":\"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 - \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-02T07:24:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-01T06:09:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/shop\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/\",\"name\":\"karnotech poultry equipment company\",\"description\":\"Design, Renovation, Construction and Equipping of Poultry Hallsl\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 - \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9","description":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle","og_description":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.","og_url":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/","og_site_name":"karnotech poultry equipment company","article_modified_time":"2024-09-01T06:09:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/","url":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/","name":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 - \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-02T07:24:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-01T06:09:08+00:00","description":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646-\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644-\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0644-min-1.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u063a \u062a\u062e\u0645 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/product\/abnipple180\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647","item":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a","item":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/shop\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Semi-Steel Egg Laying Nipple Needle"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/","name":"karnotech poultry equipment company","description":"Design, Renovation, Construction and Equipping of Poultry Hallsl","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/7636"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7636"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/7636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12140,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/7636\/revisions\/12140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=7636"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=7636"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karnotech.co\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=7636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}