Cellulose pads are considered as the main cooling system in poultry farms and greenhouses. In breeding halls, due to the presence of industrial ventilators, we always have negative air pressure. In hot summer days, by closing all the entrances, air is only allowed to enter from the cellulose pad section. In this way, by passing through the wet grid and wet pad, evaporation takes place, and this causes the cooling of the greenhouse or poultry house.
Everything about the Use of Cooling Pad System in Poultry Halls and Greenhouses
When using cooling pad system, we should pay attention to various things that will bring us the best results. In short, we mention the important cases of using cellulose pads in poultry houses and greenhouses:
- The use of pad cooling system can create proper humidity in breeding halls during dry and hot days of the year. This case in greenhouses improves the cultivation of many species of plants. In chicken farming, it reduces dust and also improves breathing performance for chickens.
- When using the cooling pad system, you should pay attention that all the air inlets are properly closed, and air is only allowed to pass through the space of the cellulose pad. During the visits I have made to the farms, it has been observed many times that the windows or entrance doors are sometimes left open during the hot season. This causes air to enter from parts other than the cellulose pad. Because the air enters from the path where there is less resistance. Therefore, by observing this simple point, you can improve the performance of your cooling pad system.
- Regarding the water flow that you use to wet the pads, pay attention that the water is level, and the entire surface of the cellulose pad is well wet. Otherwise, parts of the pad will remain dry, and air flow will occur more than the dry part, which will reduce the cooling of the pad cooling system.
- Water quality is not suitable in many parts of the country. Especially in the areas where there are greenhouse farms and poultry farms, it is often seen that the water is hard or contains a lot of salts. This causes the useful life of cellulose pads to decrease. As much as possible, try to put special filters in the water passage so that we can control these things to some extent.
- Direct sunlight increases the surface evaporation of the cellulose pad and can also reduce the useful life of the cellulose pad. Therefore, many owners try to consider a cover for it, especially during the days of the year when the pad is not used, preventing sunlight from hitting the pad can significantly increase its useful life.
- In many areas where the humidity is high, the use of cellulose pads is not recommended. As it is clear, when the humidity of the environment is high, the evaporation process is not done well, and the use of pad cooling can cause the increase of humidity or steaming of the hall. We see these cases in many areas in the south and north of Iran due to the proximity to the sea and the humid air.
In Iran, there are companies that produce quality pads, and a large part of their products are exported to neighboring countries due to the high quality of production. KarnoTech is also one of the main suppliers of Pad Cooling system in Iran. You can contact us for further guidance through online support or see its detailed specifications through the link below.
Cellulose pad suitable for poultry and greenhouse
In the following, we will examine more thoroughly and introduce the types of cellulose pads:
Evaporative Cooling by Cellulose Pads
The evaporative cooling system consists of two complementary parts: fans and pads. These two parts are used on a small scale in the form of new generation water coolers or miners’ cooling and on a larger scale in the greenhouse and poultry industries. The way it works, as its name suggests, is based on the evaporation of water in such a way that the cellulose pads are wetted by water and due to the evaporation of the water on the pads, the air temperature decreases, and the air cooled by the fans is transferred to the internal environment. finds
The cellulose pad is made by thin sheets of corrugated paper that are placed on top of each other in regular mazes. These pads have high absorption and wetting properties, and special chemicals are used in the production of cellulose pads to increase the strength and non-clumping of the paper. The layers of papers and the order in which each layer is placed on top of the other layer have made these pads have more cooling power and more uniform wind movement than the straw pads, and also prevent the entry of dust and bacteria. Prevents harmful breathing into the premises.
Evaporative cooling system using cellulose pad is the best type of cooling system. The efficiency of the cellulose pad system is determined by the amount of heat and humidity in the area. The higher the temperature of an area and the lower the humidity, the better this system performs.
The advantages of cellulose pads compared to straw pads
The main advantages of using a cellulose pad instead of a pad include the following:
- High useful life (average 5 years)
- Lower sedimentation rate
- Less mushroom and algae growth
- More cooling power
- Preventing dust from entering (air conditioning)
- Able to absorb water with high temperature (maximum 48 degrees) and Ph range of 6 to 9
- Save water and electricity
As we mentioned before, the cellulose pad is made from a set of dense corrugated paper, which is the high density of the pad compared to the pad, which causes the air to move through the pad longer, and this increases the cooling power of the pads. Also, the chemicals and resins that are placed on the papers prevent the pads from being deposited.
Poultry Cellulose Pads
One of the most important issues in poultry houses is the creation of air conditioning and fresh air. Cellulose pad system is one of the most efficient cooling options in chicken farms, which prevents losses due to heat stress. The thermal comfort range of an adult chicken is around 28 degrees, and ventilation systems including ventilators and cooling pads provide this temperature in poultry houses.
Cellulose Pads System Parts
The cellulose-evaporative cooling system consists of several main parts: cellulose pad, frame, pump and water tank.
Cellulose pads are placed vertically and side by side on aluminum or galvanized frames, in the upper part of the frame there is a tube to transfer water on the pads. The frame is the most important product to complement the evaporative cooling system using cellulose pads. which has important defects in wetting the body of the pads and draining water. At the end of the system, a pump and water tank are placed to move water and collect water at the end of the work. You can see a schematic map of this system below.
Cellulose Pads Types
Cellulose pad products are placed in different categories according to the thickness and the placement and height of the paper waves, and each of these categories is most useful for a specific class. The wave height of cellulose pads varies from 4 mm to 8 mm, and the sheets are placed on top of each other at 90 degrees or 60 degrees, and the naming of these products is based on the wavelength and angle. For example, a cellulose pad with a wavelength of 4 mm and an angle of 90 degrees is known with code 4090. The product group of cellulose pads includes a variety of products that we will further examine the use of each type of cellulose pad.
| Employability | Product Group |
| Water Coolers | 4090 |
| 5090 | |
| 6090 | |
| Poultries and Greenhouses | 7090 |
| 8090 | |
| Power plants | 7060 |
Product Group 4090
This product group is made of papers with a wavelength of 4 mm, which forms a 90-degree angle with the wave direction of two adjacent sheets. Due to its high density, this model has the highest evaporation efficiency, and the highest pressure drop. It is recommended to use this model in cooling systems that have limited space for installing high-thickness cellulose pads or the speed of air passing over the pad is high. According to the customer’s order and based on the required cooling capacity, this model can be offered in different dimensions (height 1-2 meters and thickness 5-10 cm). You can read the evaporation efficiency of 4090 pads with different thicknesses in the table below.
| Product Group | Air Speed | |||
| 1 m/s | 1.5 m/s | 2 m/s | 2.5 m/s | |
| 50 mm | 76 | 72 | 68.5 | 66 |
| 75 mm | 88 | 85 | 82.5 | 80 |
| 100 mm | 96 | 94 | 92 | 90 |
Product Group 4090 Attributes:
- Evaporation Efficiency: Excellent
- Pressure Drop: High
- Number of Leaves in One Meter Length: 235
- Price: Higher (compared to other products)
- Suitable for: water coolers
Product Group 5090
This product group is made of papers with a wavelength of 5 mm, which forms a 90-degree angle with the wave direction of two adjacent sheets. Due to its medium density, this model has established a balance between evaporation efficiency and pressure drop, and having a good evaporation efficiency, it also has a suitable pressure drop. This model can be used in most cooling systems and according to the customer’s order and based on the required cooling capacity, it is offered in different dimensions (height 1-2 meters and thickness 7.5-12.5 cm). You can read the evaporation efficiency of 5090 pads with different thicknesses in the table below.
| Product Group | Air Speed | |||
| 1 m/s | 1.5 m/s | 2 m/s | 2.5 m/s | |
| 75 mm | 81 | 78 | 75.5 | 73 |
| 100 mm | 89 | 87 | 85 | 83 |
| 125 mm | 93.5 | 92.5 | 91 | 89.5 |
Product Group 5090 Attributes:
- Evaporation Efficiency: Good
- Pressure Drop: Medium
- Number of Leaves in One Meter Length: 190
- Price: Reasonable
- Suitable for: water coolers
Product Group 6090
This product group is made of papers with a wavelength of 6 mm, which forms a 90-degree angle with the wave direction of two adjacent sheets. Due to the lower density, this model has a low pressure drop compared to the previous models, but at the same time, it has a good evaporation efficiency. It is recommended to use this model in cooling systems whose fans do not have the ability to overcome high pressure drops. You can read the evaporation efficiency of 6090 pads with different thicknesses in the table below.
| Product Group | Air Speed | |||
| 1 m/s | 1.5 m/s | 2 m/s | 2.5 m/s | |
| 100 mm | 73.5 | 70 | 67.5 | 66 |
| 150 mm | 83 | 80 | 78 | 76.5 |
| 200 mm | 90 | 88 | 86 | 84.5 |
Product Group 6090 Attributes:
- Evaporation Efficiency: Good
- Pressure Drop: Medium
- Number of Leaves in One Meter Length: 164
- Price: Reasonable
- Suitable for: Water Coolers
Product Group 7090
This product group is made of paper with a wavelength of 7 mm, which forms a 90-degree angle with the wave direction of two adjacent sheets. This model is specifically used in the walls of greenhouses and chicken farms along with the frame set (frame and studs above and below the pad), water supply system (reservoir, pump and pipe) and ventilation (fan and ventilator). You can read the evaporation efficiency of 7090 pads with different thicknesses in the table below.
| Product Group | Air Speed | |||
| 1 m/s | 1.5 m/s | 2 m/s | 2.5 m/s | |
| 100 mm | 84 | 81.5 | 79 | 77.5 |
| 125 mm | 89 | 87 | 85 | 83.5 |
| 150 mm | 91.5 | 90 | 88.5 | 87.5 |
Product Group 7090 Attributes:
- Evaporation Efficiency: Low
- Pressure Drop: Low
- Number of Leaves in One Meter Length: 143
- Price: Low
- Suitable for: Poultry and Greenhouses
Product Group 7060
This product group is made of papers with a wavelength of 7 mm, which forms an angle of 60 degrees with the wave direction of two adjacent sheets. This model is specifically used when a higher air speed is needed, such as gas turbine pre-coolers, and the average efficiency of this product is about 87%.
Evaporative cooling system frame
As mentioned earlier, the frame is the most important complementary product of the cellulose pad, which is often used in greenhouses, chicken farms, data centers, and sometimes in industrial cooling facilities, and the responsibility of drainage and water transfer on the pads is the responsibility of this product. In general, the frames are divided into upper, lower and side frames along with the corresponding connections. In the upper frame, there is a pipe with holes at certain intervals, the water is transferred to this pipe by the motor pump and poured on the pads through the holes. The inside of the lower frame is also designed as a gutter that transfers the water collected from under the pads to the tank. Let’s also mention that frames are usually produced and supplied from aluminum or galvanized sheets, and in the meantime, galvanized frames have a more reasonable price.
Cellulose pad frame feature
- Increasing the useful life of the pads due to the uniform distribution of water on the pad
- Increasing the strength of the cooling system
- Easy installation
- The possibility of easy inspection and maintenance of pipes and fittings
Calculation of cooling rate of cellulose pad system
The amount of air-cooling power depends on the difference between dry and wet temperatures and the performance efficiency of the pads. The warmer temperature corresponds to the time when the relative humidity of the temperature is 100% (saturated temperature), which is lower than the dry temperature and can be calculated with a wet thermometer.
The formula for the cooling rate of cellulose pads is as follows:
(percentage of pad performance) * (difference between dry and wet temperature of the area) – degree of dry temperature = amount of exit temperature from cellulose pads
For example, if the wet temperature of the area is 14 degrees and the dry temperature is 20 degrees, and you use the cellulose pad system 7090 with a thickness of 10 cm (for poultry) and the air speed is 2.5 meters per second (according to the table presented above the yield of the product is 66%), according to the formula above, we have:
(0.66) *(20-14)-20 = the amount of temperature output from the pads
16.04 degrees Celsius = the output temperature of the cellulose pad
Note: The best time to measure the dry and wet temperature difference is at noon when the temperature difference is at its maximum.
How to calculate the required pump and water source for the cellulose pad system
To calculate the capacity of the pump and source suitable for the cooling pad system, we need the height and length of this system.
- Water pump capacity for 10 cm thick pad:
Length of each set of pads * 6.2 (liters per minute) = water pump flow rate
- Water pump capacity for 15 cm thick pad:
Length of each set of pads * 3.9 (liters per minute) = water pump flow rate
- Water source capacity for 10 cm thick pad:
Area of each pad set * 30.5 (liter)
- Water source capacity for 15 cm thick pad:
The area of each pad set * 40.7 (liters)
